Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors offer a novel platform for diverse biotechnological systems. Their robust design allows for {highproductivity and optimal environmental settings. The structure of the hollow fibers facilitates movement between the bioreactor's interior and the exterior solution, enabling efficient cell growth. Some common appl

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors present a unique platform for diverse biotechnological applications. Their robust design allows for {highyield and ideal environmental settings. The structure of the hollow fibers facilitates mass transfer between the internal environment and the external fluid, enabling optimized biomass production. Some comm

This study investigates the performance of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) membranes within a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system. The objective was to evaluate the long-term durability and efficiency of PVDF membranes under diverse operational conditions. A series of experiments were conducted to examine the impact of parameters such as transmembrane